![]() It is recommended to have the patient lie on the left side with the right knee bent towards the chest, as this position enables the medication to flow into the rectum and subsequently to the sigmoid colon by gravity. The injection is usually at an angle if using a needle/syringe or at a perpendicular angle if using an injector pen. It is recommended that instead of using the same site, patients rotate the sites of injection to avoid complications such as lipohypertrophy that can cause incomplete medication absorption. Ī subcutaneous route requires minimal skills and training, and patients can often quickly learn to inject medications into themselves. When injecting to the dorsogluteal site, aspirating for a few seconds is recommended, given its proximity to the gluteal artery. Skin traction and deep pressure on the muscle can help decrease patients' pain and discomfort. Intramuscular injection should be done at a perpendicular angle as it has been shown to be the most effective method for patient comfort, safety, and medication efficacy. ![]() Ultrasound guidance is often used in central lines or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines for medication administration. However, the tourniquet must be removed before injecting the drug to prevent extravasation. Techniques involved in each route of medication administration are different, and some of the essential points are summarized as follows:Ī tourniquet may be used over the intended site for the intravenous medication to make the vein more visible and easier to access. Similarly, an inhaled drug is contraindicated in patients with airflow obstruction. An intranasal medication is contraindicated in patients with nasal trauma, anatomic obstruction, the presence of a foreign body, or copious mucous or bleeding. Subcutaneous injection volumes larger than 2 mL are associated with adverse effects, including pain and leakage at the injection site. ![]() Doses that require to be injected more than 1.5 mL at once should be avoided. An intramuscular route is contraindicated in an active infection or inflammation at the site of drug administration, myopathies, muscular atrophy, thrombocytopenia, or coagulopathy.Ī subcutaneous route of medication is contraindicated in an actively infectious or inflamed site. A rectal route is contraindicated in patients with active rectal bleeding or diarrhea or after a recent rectal or bowel surgery. An oral medication route is contraindicated for patients who cannot tolerate oral drugs, such as those who have altered mental status or have nausea or vomiting that hinder them from safely ingesting the drug orally. Each medication administration route has unique contraindications, and the healthcare team members need to recognize them.
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